The Rhyothemis princeps Brain Externalization Project

Loss of frataxin is lethal in multicellular organisms. Why is frataxin necessary for multicellular life? Use of Game-Theoretical Methods in Biochemistry and Biophysics [2008] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577752/ "Recently, it has been shown experimentally that stimulation of respiration by frataxin in colon cancer cells reduced growth rate [47]. Thus, cancer can be regarded as a regression to selfish behaviour of cells. Healthy higher organisms possess regulation mechanisms to suppress cancer. However, in early evolution of multicellularity, these mechanisms probably did not yet exist." So that's one reason. Could there be some relationship to osmoregulation? 2020-6-10 Osmoregulation implies maintenance of electrochemical gradients, just as multicellularity implies morphogenesis. Then I remembered Dr Michael Levin's talk on bioelectric fields and morphogenesis: Of course, since comments are turned off I can't make my notes in the YT comment

Yesterday I watched two excellent presentations on Freidreich ataxia (still trying to use the proper nomenclature convention) from back in 2011: Notes: 5:44 frataxin is essential for muticellular eukaryotes (but not single celled organisms) frataxin is needed for the production of iron-sulfur clusters (aconitase is an important TCA enzyme that includes an iron-sulfur cluster that is particularly vulnerable to oxidation) 13:07 Indeed! & also part of the urea cycle 18:35 Reduction in frataxin leads to iron accumulation in the mitochondrion   38:26 summary of therapeutic approaches in relation to hypothetical vicious cycle in FA EPO - erythropoietin increases expression of genes related to iron utilization (lactoferrin and Wim Hof method breathing increase EPO) HDAC inhibitors increase expression of frataxin (butyrate / tributyrin are HDACi) pioglitozone increases mitochondrial biogenesis (PQQ & urolithin A do the same) I think neuroinflammation should be included as part